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Get Him To The GREK

The Global X FTSE Greece 20 ETF is a great way to leverage a favorable resolution between Greece and the euro-zone. The GREK is far off its 52-week high of $25.76, largely due to the political developments that have led investors to speculate about Greece leaving the euro-zone. The security is up from its low of $10.44 recently because of an increasing understanding that a favorable resolution is likely. Opportunity exists for near-immediate appreciation on the announcement of a favorable resolution as early as next week. Over the course of this year, the GREK ETF should gain further as it reflects the benefits of ECB actions like Greece’s peer markets have. Investors interested in leveraging the prospect of a favorable Greece resolution, but hoping to limit risk to any one individual Greek security, can look to the Global X FTSE Greece 20 ETF (NYSEARCA: GREK ). The security has come off its highs on fear that Greece could leave the euro-zone. Though it has also come off its lows on the prospect of a favorable resolution, it still has a way to go higher because of the ongoing absence of that event. I think investors can buy it here for immediate upside to $15 on a quick fix and longer-term gain to $17 to $20 this year. 5-Year Chart of GREK at Seeking Alpha As you can see here in the long-term chart of the Global X FTSE Greece 20 ETF, it has recently fallen precipitously. The reason for the decline should be obvious to anyone who has not been on a deserted island for the last couple months, save for a Greek island. When the popular Syriza party was elected into power in Greece, and before that when the polls showed it could be, Greek securities started to sell off. That was because of the tough talk against austerity that emanated from the party and its leaders. Fear rose that Greece could leave the euro-zone or be ejected from it due to the change in political power. But as time has passed, investors have become aware of what I already knew. Tough-talking Greek leaders do not have the backing of the Greek people to leave the euro-zone, as polls show a great majority of Greeks would vote against it in a referendum. That was known even before the elections, and Syriza indicated it was not interested in leaving the euro-zone, ensuring its election. However, Syriza still wanted an alteration to the bailout deals Greece had previously agreed to, due to the great damage austerity has done to many Greeks. The medicine while beneficial for the long-term economy was administered too much too soon and it made a good deal of Greeks sick, if not, unemployed. Over recent weeks, the emergence of a somewhat free-speaking Finance Minister, and Greek Defense Minister’s demands for Nazi war reparations have only stirred up more concern among the global investment community. Greek demands were met with tough talk from the Germans and other EU partners, so it got scary for some investors, who then bid the GREK security down to $10 and change. When the fear was palpable, I went long National Bank of Greece (NYSE: NBG ) at approximately $1 using long-term call options. Thanks for telling us now Greek , is what you are saying, but for your information, I just went long GREK Friday and it’s not too late still. I never had concern about the future of Greece, and was long GREK a few months ago at around $17. If Greece agrees to continued currency relations with its euro-zone partners, however altered the structure of the deal could be, much fear currently priced into the security must go away. Greece said today it will do whatever it can to reach a deal to keep it in the euro-zone; it has until February 28, but there is talk that a deal could be consummated as early as Monday. And it is in Germany’s interest to keep Greece in the euro-zone, because the presence of weak partners limits the upside of the euro, which serves Germany’s exports. 1-Month Chart of GREK GREK currently trades at approximately $13.63, after rising about 5% Friday. It was up Thursday too, and as you can see here, it has come off its low of $10.44. But GREK has upside from here, because before Syriza was elected, the security traded upward of $15, and before it was a concern altogether, it traded even higher with a 52-week high of $25.76. Now some of the security’s decline has been due to the general weakness of the European economy and that of Greece over the last 12 months, but Greek stocks should be benefiting year to date from the actions of the ECB, like its peers are. The iShares Europe ETF (NYSEARCA: IEV ) is up 4.8% year to date while GREK is down 5.5%. The Global X FTSE Portugal 20 ETF (NYSEARCA: PGAL ) is up 2.2%; the iShares MSCI Spain Capped ETF (NYSEARCA: EWP ) is only down 2.8% year to date because of Greece and Spain’s own similar political issues. Thus, given European shares seem to be finding bids here, there appears to be room to grow for GREK beyond just the immediate gain that should occur once it is clear Greece will remain in the euro-zone. I’m not anticipating a quick recovery to the 52-week high, but an immediate move to above $15 on a positive resolution seems likely to me. From there, I see no reason why the security that marks the Greek market cannot approach $16 in short time and $17 to $20 before year-end. So I say, get him to the GREK. I have been following these Greek developments, so interested parties may find value in following my column . Disclosure: The author is long GREK, NBG. (More…) The author wrote this article themselves, and it expresses their own opinions. The author is not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). The author has no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Portland General Electric’s (POR) CEO Jim Piro on Q4 2014 Results – Earnings Call Transcript

Portland General Electric Company (NYSE: POR ) Q4 2014 Earnings Conference Call February 13, 2015 11:00 ET Executives Bill Valach – Director, Investor Relations Jim Piro – President and Chief Executive Officer Jim Lobdell – Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Analysts Brian Russo – Ladenburg Thalmann Michael Lapides – Goldman Sachs Andy Levi – Avon Capital Chip Richardson – Wedbush Paul Ridzon – KeyBanc Operator Good morning, everyone and welcome to Portland General Electric Company’s Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2014 Earnings Results Conference Call. Today is Friday, February 13, 2015. This call is being recorded. And as such, all lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers’ remarks, there will be a question-and-answer period. [Operator Instructions] For opening remarks, I would like to turn the conference call over to Portland General Electric’s Director of Investor Relations, Mr. Bill Valach. Please go ahead, sir. Bill Valach Thank you, Eric, and good morning everyone. We are pleased that you are able to join us today. And before we begin our discussion this morning, I’d like to remind you that we have prepared a presentation to supplement our discussion and we’ll be referring to those slides in the presentation throughout the call. The slides are available on our website at portlandgeneral.com. Referring to Slide 2, I would like to make our customary statements regarding Portland General Electric’s written and oral disclosures and commentary. There will be statements in this call that are not based on historical facts and as such constitute forward-looking statements under current law. These statements are subject to factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made today. For a description of some of the factors that may occur, that could cause such differences, the company requests that you read our most recent Form 10-K and Form 10-Qs. Portland General Electric’s fourth quarter and full year earnings were released via our earnings press release and the 2014 annual Form 10-K before the market opened today and the release and the 10-K are available at portlandgeneral.com. The company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. And these Safe Harbor statements should be incorporated as part of any transcript on this call. As shown on Slide 3, leading our discussion today are Jim Piro, President and CEO and Jim Lobdell, Senior Vice President of Finance, CFO and Treasurer. Jim Piro will begin today’s presentation by providing an update on our operating performance, our service area economy and strategic initiatives. Then he will turn the call over to Jim Lobdell who will provide more detail around the fourth quarter and the full year financial results, discuss financing and liquidity, and discuss our outlook for 2015. And following these prepared remarks, as always we will open the lines up for your questions. And now, I would like to turn the call over. It’s my pleasure to turn it over to Jim Piro. Jim Piro Thank you, Bill. Good morning and thank you for joining us. Welcome to Portland General Electric’s fourth quarter and full year 2014 earnings call. 2014 was a milestone year for PGE marking 125 years since we provided the nation’s first long-distance transmission of electricity. In 2014, we achieved several key objectives towards meeting our customers’ energy needs and I am pleased to share our results with you this morning. On today’s call, I will provide an overview of our financial performance in 2014 and initiate 2015 earnings guidance, give you an update on our operating performance and the economic conditions in our operating area and discuss our project on the strategic initiatives, including progress on the Carty Generating Station, our 2016 general rate case and the 2016 integrated resource plan. Following my remarks, Jim Lobdell will provide details in the fourth quarter and annual results, discuss financing and liquidity, and end with the key assumptions supporting our guidance for 2015. So, let’s begin. As presented on Slide 4, we recorded net income of $175 million or $2.18 per diluted share in 2014 compared with net income of $105 million or $1.35 per diluted share in 2013. This increase in earnings per share was largely the result of the $52 million expense taken in 2013 for the Cascade Crossing Transmission project and an industrial customer refund of $9 million, increased AFDC related to the construction of our three new generating projects and improved generating plant performance. Now, looking ahead for 2015, we are initiating full year earnings guidance of $2.20 to $2.35 per diluted share. Jim will provide more detail later in the call. Now, for an operational update on Slide 5, I am very proud of our employees’ accomplishments in delivering outstanding customer service along with strong operating and financial performance in 2014. In addition to achieving excellent performance at our generating plants, we delivered on the significant objective of bringing two new generating resources into service ahead of schedule and under budget. PGE’s customer satisfaction ratings remain strong. We are in the top quartile in terms of satisfaction with our residential customers and top decile with our business customers according to the 2014 survey results reported by Market Strategies. PGE also ranked third nationally out of 48 companies for a large customer satisfaction according to the 2014 survey results reported by TQS Research. We continue to focus our efforts to be more efficient and effective in delivering energy to our customers. We made good progress in 2014, but still have significant opportunities ahead as we improve technology, streamline processes and improve the skills of our employees in all areas of the company. Now, let me provide you an update on our capital expenditures and rate base. Slide 6 provides the summary of the company’s capital expenditure forecast through 2016. Altogether, PGE’s three new generating projects and base capital spending results in a rate base increase of $1.4 billion for an approximate rate base of $4.5 billion in 2016. PGE’s second fully owned and operating large-scale wind project, the 267 megawatt Tucannon River Wind Farm went into service on December 15, ahead of schedule. We estimate that the final completion of the project will require approximately $25 million of capital expenditures in 2015 with the total construction cost estimated to be approximately $530 million, including AFDC. Overall the project when completed will be less than the original RFP bid. Second Port Westward Unit 2, a 220 megawatt natural gas-fired flexible capacity project went into service on December 30, ahead of schedule. We estimate that the final completion of the plant will require approximately $20 million of capital expenditures in 2015 and the total construction costs are estimated to be approximately $350 million, including AFDC. Similarly the project, when complete will be less than the original RFP bid. And third, the Carty Generating Station, a 440 megawatt natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant at our Boardman site is being constructed by Abengoa and will be owned and operated by PGE is expected to be in service in the second quarter of 2016 at an estimated cost of $450 million excluding AFDC. The project is currently on time and on budget. Now for an update on the economy and our customers on Slide 7, Oregon’s economy was strong in 2014, with several business expansions and investment projects announced in the second half of the year. The Portland region is experiencing strong demand for multi-family housing and office space, which is driven largely by new and expanding software companies and creative firms and Oregon once again ranked number one for in migration in 2014, according to the annual study completed by United Van Lines. Year-over-year the number of customers PGE serves has increased by approximately 1%. In 2014 Oregon employment grew at an average rate of 2.8% adding more than 50,000 additional jobs by year end. The unemployment rate in Oregon is the lowest it has been in 6 years and the unemployment rate in our service area was 5.9% in December, down from 6.1% a year ago. Notably, these downward trends in unemployment continued in Oregon despite more people coming into the state and existing as residents reentering the workforce. For the full year 2014 weather adjusted energy deliveries were up approximately 1% over 2013 when adjusting out the usage of one large paper customer. This increase in delivery – deliveries was driven primarily by strong growth in the industrial sector due to expansion in the high-tech industry. This increase along with the moderate growth in the commercial sector more than offset the decline in residential user per customer. In 2015 we expect weather adjusted energy deliveries to grow by approximately 1%. This growth is net of approximately 1.5% of energy efficiency and is driven by the high-tech industry as Intel, its suppliers and new data centers continue to grow and expand their businesses. The Oregon State economic forecast released in November shows the economic outlook for 2015 to be positive and projects a 2.6% increase in employment in 2015. And now on to Slide 8, I would like to provide you an update with our four key objectives for 2015: first, deliver operational excellence by meeting our 2015 performance targets; second, continue the construction of Carty Generating Station on budget with expected completion in Q2 of 2016; three, achieve a fair and reasonable outcome in our 2016 general rate case filed yesterday; and four, work collaboratively with all our stakeholders to prepare our 2016 integrated resource plan and it’s associated action plan to meet our customers’ future energy needs that provides the best long-term balance of cost and risk. So, first in the operational excellence area, we are focused on being steadfast in our commitment to ensuring the safety of our employees and the public, delivering exceptional service to our customers, meeting or exceeding our top quartile transmission and reliability performance metrics, ensuring that our generating plants meet or exceed their availability targets, and meeting our financial performance targets. Second, Slide 9 provides a status on the Carty Generating Station. Construction is progressing as planned. Major foundation work and the cooling tower are now complete. The heat recovery steam generator modules and casings are installed and welding of piping components has commenced. The gas turbine has arrived in Oregon and installation will start later this month. Slide 10 covers our third objective. Yesterday, we filed our 2016 general rate case with the Oregon Public Utility Commission, the filing, which is available on our website request an overall customer price of 3.7% effective in 2016. The request is based on a return on equity of 9.9%, a capital structure of 50% debt and 50% equity, and a rate base of $4.5 billion. The $66 million annualized revenue increase, includes $39 million for the base business needs partially offset by $56 million from the amortization of customer credits and updates to supplemental tariffs and an $83 million increase for Carty on an annualized basis. We expect the commission to issue a final order before the end of 2015 with new customer prices expected to be affected in two stages. Initially, a price reduction of approximately 1% would become effective on January 1, 2016 for base business cost, including customer credits and other tariff updates and a price increase of 4.7% for Carty that would become effective once the plant begins providing service to customers, which again is expected to occur in the second quarter of 2016. The fourth objective is the 2016 integrated resource plan on Slide 11. We anticipate filing the plan with the Oregon Public Utility Commission in mid 2016 with an order expected in 2017. This year we are focused on the development of the plan, analysis and conducting public meetings. The IRP assumes a 20 year planning horizon with the action plan for the period 2017 through 2020. The IRP will address multiple issues, including replacement of our Boardman plan, which will cease operation on coal at the end of 2020, meeting the renewable portfolio standard milestone that requires PGE to supply 20% of electricity our customers use from qualified renewable resources by 2020, additional energy efficiency and demand side actions, the potential capacity needs to serve our customers and several other topics. Now, I would like to turn the call over to Jim Lobdell who will go into more depth on our financial and operating results, liquidity and financing and providing the assumptions for our 2015 earnings guidance. Jim Lobdell Thank you, Jim. Turning to Slide 12, for the fourth quarter of 2014, we reported net income of $43 million or $0.55 per diluted share compared to net income of $47 million or $0.59 per diluted share for the fourth quarter of 2013. This decrease was primarily driven by lower energy deliveries due to warmer weather, higher operating and maintenance expenses, and an increase in our effective tax rate in the fourth quarter of 2014. This was partially offset by a price increase from the 2014 general rate case related to recovery of operating costs, improved generating plant performance, and an increase in allowance for funds used during construction due to the higher construction work-in-progress balances for our three new generating projects. As shown on Slide 13, for the full year of 2014, we recorded net income of $175 million or $2.18 per diluted share and an ROE of 9.4% versus our allowed ROE of 9.75% compared to $105 million or $1.35 per diluted share and an ROE of 5.9% versus an allowed ROE of 10% for 2013. This increase in net income was primarily driven by the Cascade Crossing write-off and an industrial customer refund in 2013, higher AFDC, improved generating plant performance with no major unplanned outages in 2014, and a price increase received through the 2014 general rate case to align our revenues and costs. These increases were partially offset by higher effective tax rate in 2014 due to higher pre-tax income compared to 2013. Moving on to Slide 14, total revenue for the fourth quarter of 2014 was $500 million, a $1 million increase over revenues for the fourth quarter of 2013. Weather in the fourth quarter of 2014 was much warmer than the previous year with heating degree days decreasing 25% quarter-over-quarter. For the full year, total revenues increased 5% or $90 million. The increase in revenue was due primarily to increases in customer prices from the 2014 general rate case to align our revenues and our costs, collection of deferred costs related to four capital projects, and a customer refund recorded in 2013 partially offset by lower energy deliveries and a decrease related to the decoupling mechanism. Purchase power and fuel expense decreased $44 million year-over-year driven by a 6% decline in the average variable cost per megawatt hour. This decrease was driven by a decline in the company’s cost of natural gas to fuel its generating plants in 2014 compared to 2013 and higher cost replacement power in 2013 related to thermal plant outages. In total, net variable power costs in 2014 was $7 million below the baseline of the power cost adjustment mechanism for the full year compared to $11 million above in 2013. Moving to Slide 15, operating and maintenance costs totaled $484 million in 2014 $40 million higher than in 2013 and at the midpoint of our forecast range of $475 million to $495 million. The higher costs in 2014 were driven primarily by the following increases: $10 million related to storm and restoration, of which $5 million was related to three major windstorms in the fourth quarter and offset through our storm recovery mechanism; $7 million as a result of the company’s ownership interest in Boardman, increasing from 65% to 80% on December 31, 2013; $17 million for numerous items, including maintenance and generation and transmission and distributions partially offset by the $3 million expense for the 2013 renewable benchmark bid; and $8 million due to a number of items, including higher incentives related to improved performance, increases in medical and technology costs offset by lower pension, injury and damages expense. The Cascade Crossing Transmission Project reflects $52 million of cost expense in the second quarter of 2013, which were previously recorded as construction work in progress. Depreciation and amortization expense was at the midpoint of our guidance range and increased $53 million from $248 million in 2013 to $301 million in 2014. The increase was driven primarily by two factors: $33 million due to the timing of the deferral and amortization of the costs related to four capital projects and $16 million related to an overall increase in capital assets. Interest expense decreased $5 million in 2014 compared to 2013. This was driven by a $16 million reduction resulting from a higher allowance for foreign funds used during construction. That was partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to higher debt outstanding in 2014. The increased debt balance was related to the construction of our three new generating plants. Other income, net, increased $18 million year-over-year primarily due to a $24 million increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction on the higher average CWIP balance partially offset by a decrease in earnings from our non-qualified benefit plan trust assets. Lastly, income taxes increased $40 million year-over-year primarily due to an increase in pre-tax income in 2014 over 2013. The company’s effective tax rate increased to 26% from 17% in 2013. On Slide 16, we continue to maintain a solid balance sheet, including strong liquidity and investment grade credit ratings. As of December 31, 2014, we had $811 million in cash and available credit, $685 million of first mortgage bond issuing capacity and a common equity ratio of 44.3%. Total capital expenditures for 2014 were $948 million, including $606 million for the three new generating resources. To fund these projects in our base business capital expenditures, we completed a $305 million, 18-month unsecured bank loan and issued $280 million of first mortgage bonds at favorable interest rates. In January of 2015, we issued $75 million of first mortgage bonds and we used the proceeds to repay $70 million of maturing debt. This financing plan has allowed us to finance the construction of our new generating resources in a cost effective way. In regards to our equity forward sale agreement, it can provide approximately $270 million to $275 million in funding. We anticipate physical settlement of the equity forward sale agreement by delivering newly issued shares on or before the agreement’s expiration of June 11, 2015. Moving on to Slide 17, on December 4, 2014, the Oregon Public Utility Commission issued an order that when combined with customer credits resulted in an overall increase in customer prices of approximately 1%. These prices became effective January 1, 2015 and reflected return on equity of 9.68%, a capital structure of 50% debt and 50% equity, a cost of capital of 7.56%, a rate base of $3.8 billion, and an annual revenue increase of $15 million. Embedded in the price change was a price decrease related to PGE’s base business, customer credits, and price increases related to the addition of the Tucannon River Wind Farm and Port Westward Unit 2. As shown on Slide 18, we are initiating full year 2015 earnings guidance of $2.20 to $2.35 per diluted share. This guidance is based on the following assumptions: retail delivery growth of approximately 1%, average hydro conditions, wind generation based on 5 years of historic levels or forecast studies when historical data is not available, normal thermal plant operations, operating and maintenance costs between $510 million and $530 million, depreciation and amortization expense between $300 million and $310 million, and capital expenditures of approximately $629 million. To finance these expenditures and to retire the current portion of our long-term debt we will continue to use the combination of cash flow from operations, issuance of new debt and draws on our equity forward sale agreement. Back to you, Jim. Jim Piro Thanks. In 2014, we celebrated our 125th anniversary and our performance during the year reflects our employees’ hard work and dedication to our customers. I am very proud of the work accomplished by the teams across the company in 2014 to achieve many important objectives and we built a strong foundation to start the next 125 years of exceptional service to our customers. And now operator, we are ready for questions. Question-and-Answer Session Operator [Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from Brian Russo of Ladenburg Thalmann. Please go ahead. Brian Russo Hi. Good morning. Jim Lobdell Good morning, Brian. Jim Piro Good morning, Brian. Brian Russo If I read the 10-K correctly, it looks like you drew down 700,000 common shares at year end 2014, any insight as to what you have done in year-to-date ’15. And then how we should look at the average share count you are using to compute your EPS guidance? Jim Lobdell Brian, I think we drew down that 700,000 shares in 2013. Brian Russo Okay. Jim Lobdell And we didn’t do anything in 2014, but we are going to drawing down the balance of the equity for in the – before the end of the first half as we had mentioned. And it’s probably more towards the back half of that as well. Brian Russo Okay. So, you want to stop short of saying whether you have drawn down anything year-to-date? Jim Lobdell No, we have not drawn down anything year-to-date. Brian Russo Okay, great. And any thoughts on the average share count? Jim Lobdell Yes, it would be about 84 million shares. Brian Russo Okay. And can you just talk a little bit more detail on the 2016 IRP and more specifically, your 2020 capital – capacity needs with Boardman replacement power and the increase in the RPS? Jim Piro So, Brian, this is Jim Piro. We will – we will go through exact same process, we went through at the last IRP. We will go through a complete vetting of our strategy going forward the difference between our loads and our resources. Obviously, with Boardman dropping out, we will have a significant hold that we will have to replace and we will identify what’s the least cost, lowest risk way of replacing that resource. Once we get that vetted and approved by the – or knowledge by the commission in an action plan, we would go forward with an RFP. And similarly like we did before, we would include benchmark resources for both potential energy capacity and renewable resources. The mix of resources will be a very interesting discussion with all our stakeholders, as we try to figure out what is that right balance of cost and risk to meet the energy needs of our customers. To the extent it is the base load resource, it would likely be gas, but we will try to look at the mixture between a natural gas-fired resources and renewable resources. Brian Russo Can you quantify the number of megawatts for the three components of energy capacity in renewables? Jim Piro Well, if you think of Boardman itself, it’s about – our share is about 560 megawatts. And so that presents a fairly significant hold in our energy needs. Without prejudging the decision, if we replaced it with a natural gas resource, it would look like a second unit at Carty of 440 megawatt base load gas-fired resource and at an approximate cost of what Carty is costing us today. Obviously, that would be one of our potential self-build options that we would consider and that would have to be measured against other bids in an RFP. As for capacity, we will have to continue to looking at that to see what the market needs for capacity and our own needs for capacity are. And that will depend a lot on what we see between now and the later part of this period in terms of customer needs. On the renewable side, we are talking probably a similar type project comparable to Tucannon River Wind Farm about 300 megawatts. And then again we would do an RFP for that resource. And again we would try to identify a benchmark resource to include in that bid. And it would be about the same, more or less same cost as Tucannon River if you adjust for inflation. Brian Russo And then on the dividend policy, you somewhat restricted from raising the dividend until forward sale settles in June of this year, but it looks like you are kind of at the low end of your 50% to 70% target and I am just wondering what your thoughts are on the dividend? Jim Piro So, on the dividend in May we will with the Board revisit our dividend. At that point we can’t take action because that dividend would be paid after the forward sale agreement ends. And so we would have the full latitude to adjust the dividend. We are at the low end of the range. The Board is very committed to the dividend and it will be a good topic of discussion. We understand the value of the dividend to our shareholders and you would expect a decision on that after the May Board meeting. Brian Russo So no insight as to where your target payout is over the next 12 months as your CapEx steps down in ’16? Jim Piro Well, as I said we are at the low end. And we will have to factor all the factors in terms of needs for capital, the balance sheet. All those things go into the analysis and then we will present that to our Board in terms of recommendations. So I can’t really give you what our thinking is right now, but I can tell you that dividend is very important and we will – we understand the importance to our shareholders. Brian Russo Okay. And then lastly has there been any proposed modification to the PCAM in the general rate case that you filed yesterday? Jim Lobdell No, it’s – Brian it’s actually in a separate docket, that docket is going to start around the March timeframe, so we will know more as we go through the summer months. But that docket is also being narrowly scoped not to look at the asymmetric nature of the dead end. But it’s being narrowly scoped to look at the recovery of costs associated with meeting the RPS standard. Brian Russo Got it, okay. Thank you. Jim Piro Thanks Brian. Jim Lobdell Thanks Brian. Operator Our next question comes from Michael Lapides from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Michael Lapides Hey guys. Thanks for all the disclosure in detail that you provided in today’s update, have one or two questions just about 2015 guidance. First of all, can you give us a little bit of an update of what you expect year-over-year ‘14 to ‘15 in AFUDC and what GAAP tax rate do you assume in your 2015 guidance? Jim Lobdell For AFUDC about 7.5% will be about the right number to use. And Michael for the tax rate I guide you more towards an effective tax rate of about 20%. Michael Lapides 20% in terms of the impact on the income statement or in terms of cash taxes? Jim Lobdell As far as the income statement. Michael Lapides Okay. In AFUDC keep you put that in the dollar millions for us please? Jim Lobdell No, I can’t do that. Michael Lapides Okay. Directionally down a lot, down a little, down not at all? Jim Lobdell I can’t do that I mean right now AFUDC as you know is dependent on the CWIP balances. So it’s the timing of our investments as we go out over time. So it just dispends on how the plants play out and how we make other capital expenditures across the year. Michael Lapides Okay, great. Jim Lobdell It’s also dependent upon – go ahead. Michael Lapides I am sorry. I guess my other question is O&M related, your ‘14 to ‘15 I mean in 2014 and 2015 O&M implies an increase of about – year-over-year increase using the midpoint of about 7% that’s a little bit of an outlier when I think about your peer group and kind of what a lot of the other companies are saying about O&M and O&M management, can you talk a little bit about what the drivers of that year-over-year increase are? Jim Piro A couple of things as Jim gets the detail, obviously we are adding two new generating resources into our – into service and that’s having a big impact. We have also increased Boardman – our size of Boardman and so that has part of the impact. So there are a couple things going on there that are kind of one-time step ups. And those were all recovered in the rate case. And I believe Jim correct me if I am wrong, but the O&M is pretty consistent with what we had in the rate case filing for 2014 – 2015. Jim Lobdell Yes, those are the exact drivers. Jim Piro Yes. Michael Lapides Got it. And then finally and I want to piggyback off of an earlier question. When you get pass 2015 your CapEx declines a decent bit and just trying to think about as you have a couple of year period in between, spending on Carty and spending on the wind plant and then potentially incremental CapEx down the road, how are you think about kind of the use of your free cash flow CapEx comes down, D&A comes up and kind of which side of the balance sheet you would potentially use it on post-2015 or is it possible that CapEx gets accelerated earlier into the ‘16 ‘17 timeframe? Jim Piro So, a couple of things going on there, we still haven’t got good visibility to ‘17 and ‘18 for capital expenditures. We are looking at where we can do reinforcements to the system. We are looking at some smart grid investments. We also are looking at potential investments in natural gas to hedge our long-term position. So, there is a couple of things moving out there. That’s all getting factored into what our future CapEx expenditure is, what the impact on customer prices might be, and also what our dividend might be also. So, all those things are being factored in and we really haven’t come to a complete conclusion, but we are looking at a number of items. This gives us the opportunity to catch up on some of the work we like to do on our transmission and distribution system as well some of our power plants to put them in good stead. So, there is a couple of things going on there as we take this kind of hiatus between this construction program and looking forward to the next IRP action plan. And so those are the things we will be looking at. Hopefully as we go through this year, we will be able to give a little more visibility to those out-years, but we are trying to make sure that we provide ourselves enough room in our balance sheet, in our equity, so that if we do decide to construct additional plants, we will have that equity capacity without having to issue stock to finance that next set of projects if we were fortunate to win those RFP bids. Michael Lapides Got it. Thank you, guys. Much appreciate it and appreciate all the insight today. Jim Lobdell Thanks, Michael. Operator [Operator Instructions] And our next question comes from Andy Levi of Avon Capital. Please go ahead. Andy Levi Hey, good morning guys. Jim Piro Good morning, Andy. Andy Levi How are you doing? Jim Piro Good. Jim Lobdell Great, thanks. Andy Levi Couple of questions I guess most of them asked though, but just on the rate base, the $4.5 billion for ‘16, I guess in this slide that you had in December that was going to be a ‘17 number? So, is it higher than it was going to be? Jim Piro Yes, the issue there is just timing of Carty. Carty is coming in, in ‘16 and I think we just sliced it to ‘17 before we thought we give better visibility. That $4.5 billion occurs when Carty goes into service in the second quarter of 2016. So, we just thought it was more accurate to reflect that in ‘16 versus kind of in ‘17 which was also true, but it was accelerated with Carty going into service in Q2 ‘16. Andy Levi Got it. And then also back to that December packet, you have given CapEx out to ‘18, but I don’t see it in this packet, I guess went up to – maybe that’s in the 10-K I haven’t looked at the 10-K yet? Jim Piro It’s in the 10-K and we were just trying to give a closer year end picture. Andy Levi Okay. Jim Piro And again I wouldn’t – as we mentioned earlier, we are still looking at ‘17 and ‘18 in terms of where there are opportunities to invest in the system that would provide value to our customers and provide better reliability. So, we continue working on ‘17 and ‘18. We have provided you in the 10-K our base capital forecast, but there maybe other things that we have not yet got approval for and we are still working on. Andy Levi Got it. And then on the dividend, is there a date for that board meeting that you can share with us or is it just May? Jim Piro It’s right around the annual meeting whenever we have our annual meeting. Jim Lobdell Yes, it’s May 6. Jim Piro May 6. Andy Levi May 6, thank you. I’ll put that in my calendar. We look forward to that. And then just back on Boardman and the expansion of or – just the 300 megawatts of potential new wind. I think I missed it, what would be the timing of those two? Jim Piro Well, Boardman ceases coal operation at the end of 2020 and that puts a pretty significant hole in our energy supply. And so if it’s determined at a natural gas-fired resource as the least cost, lowest risk, which I would say it tends to look that way today, then obviously can change, but that tends to be the way it would look. We would like to get that project up mid-2020, mid to late 2020. So, it will be available for 2021. On the wind resource, we have some flexibility, because we do bank credits and we have some ability to delay the actual construction of the wind farm and it could be anywhere in the 2020 to 2022 timeframe. Andy Levi Okay. And so construction on Boardman would begin in 2019 or? Jim Piro Yes, Boardman replacement, those typically are 2-year projects, so sometime in the 2019 if we were to win the RFP and our benchmark resource was chosen as the lowest cost, least cost resourced, least risk resourced, we would then start construction probably in the ‘19 timeframe. Andy Levi Okay. And then the same, I guess for the wind, it’s about a 2-year lag? Jim Piro Yes, probably not, maybe a little shorter than that, but approximately there. And as you know, Carty was – is being designed and cited as two unit plants, so that we have adequate space there to build the second unit if that was selected. Andy Levi Okay. And then back to Michael Lapides’ question on just free cash flow and I understand that you may end up filling in some CapEx to deal with – that you haven’t identified yet, because I think the cash flow, the free cash flow is several hundred million dollars by the time you get to kind of the ‘16/17 after paying the dividend and your current CapEx forecast. So, I guess the three different options are – I mean, I guess you have some small debt issues that come due. Let me just see here. Here they are. You have like a 6.8% due in 2016, a small item, $67 million and then you have some debt due in ‘17, also around $60 million. So, I guess you have the option of paying those down versus refinancing, especially the 6.8%. You have the option to buyback stock, which is out there and then you have more CapEx. Is there some type of priority and if I am leaving out something, please let me know of the three choices, but is there some type of priority and then the dividend, of course, but as far as what you are thinking there on what to do with the cash? Jim Piro Well, I guess in terms of priority, I think we would like to continue to invest in the system where it makes sense and it provides reliability to our customers. We have put off some investments that we could have done in the near-term just because of the big construction project in our three plants. So, we will look at that first in where there are opportunities there, but we have to ensure those kinds of projects make sense for our customers. So, that’s our first priority. And then from that, we have some flexibility on letting the equity ratio rise a little bit. If we think that we are moving forward towards another construction plant, we would like to let the equity rise a little bit, maybe above the 50% to give us some room to be able to finance the next set of construction, so that’s probably our second option. Probably our last option just from my perspective would be buyback stock. Andy Levi Okay. Jim Piro And we can work with the dividend too, to help size that, but that’s in the mix. Andy Levi Got it. And how about debt pay down? Jim Piro Well, obviously, if we decide to let the equity ratio go, that’s what we would do. We wouldn’t want to keep cash on the balance sheet. That’s pretty dilutive. Andy Levi Right, right. Okay, so that cash will be put toward to work. It’s just a matter of where I guess? Jim Piro Right. We will look at all three of the things you talk about, but our focus really would be on CapEx and sizing the balance sheet to prepare for the next construction program if we are successful. Andy Levi Okay. Unless interest rates actually go back up and you can actually earn 4% or 5% in the bank that would have even been, I remember that. Jim Piro I am not sure I like that right now, yes. Andy Levi I was just looking at my past taxes I used to like make money that way as we get in the tax season. Okay, thank you. Thank you very much. You guys had a great year and very happy with everything. Jim Piro Appreciate it. Jim Lobdell Well, thanks, Andy. Operator Our next question comes from Chip Richardson of Wedbush. Please go ahead. Jim Piro Good morning, Chip. Chip Richardson Congratulations on a good year and 125 years of supplying Portland with power. And I think it’s particularly encouraging that your plants are coming in on time and under bid. Has any thought been given to adding to your very, very small geothermal renewable energy deal? It seems that that’s the one potential baseload renewable and the plant that you own a small bit of apparently has had 97% availability in recent quarters? Jim Piro I didn’t actually know we had a geothermal, I don’t think we do. Jim Lobdell Yes. Chip Richardson I saw you own 1% of a plant at Raft River, Idaho, or 1% of the output? Jim Lobdell No, if we get close to anything like that, it’s probably coming through a QF. So, it will be a power purchase agreement. Jim Piro And I don’t think we have any geothermal. Bill can check into that for you, but I don’t think we do. Geothermal is an interesting resource. It is base load. It has capacity. We like those kinds of things and there are some areas in Oregon that you could build geothermal. The challenge has always been that those kinds of projects tend to be a national forest or areas where it’s really tough to get transmission into. We have one geothermal site that we have with just potential to develop, but it’s really, really difficult to develop those. And a fair amount of risk when you drill holes into the ground to make sure that you get a – you don’t get a dry hole. So we continue looking at those, really haven’t found anything that’s cost effective, but as we go through an RFP for new renewable resources, clearly geothermal will be things that could be bid into the marketplace if they were cost effective. They would have to compete with wind resources and but obviously you have to understand geothermal would come with capacity value. Chip Richardson Thank you very much. Jim Piro Thank you. Operator Our next question comes from Paul Ridzon from KeyBanc. Please go ahead. Paul Ridzon Good morning, congratulations on a solid year. Jim Piro Thanks Paul. Jim Lobdell Good morning. Thanks Paul Paul Ridzon Can you – what’s your assumed effective tax rate in your guidance? Jim Lobdell We are assuming an effective tax rate of 20%. Paul Ridzon 20%, okay. And then in the fourth quarter how was the capacity factor at the wind assets compared to kind of long-term average fourth quarter? Jim Piro Jim is looking at the data for you. Jim Lobdell In the fourth quarter we were looking at on an average of about 19%, which was about 29%. So we didn’t have as much wind as we otherwise would have liked in the fourth quarter. Jim Piro For the year though it is pretty close to budgeted? Jim Lobdell For the full year we were looking at about 29%, little over 29%. Jim Piro And what we end up with. So we are pretty much on budget. With some of the challenges we are having on wind is the timing of the wind and that’s really can make any impact on our cost structure and actually wind cost us some money last year relative with what was filed to the AUT. Now we true that up over time with the 5-year historical average, but in the year you can’t have differences. And we are still challenged, it’s kind of like hydro a little bit when the wind blows a lot energy prices are lower and when the wind doesn’t blow the prices are higher. And that’s not necessary symmetrical something we are trying to deal within that while we continue to pursue this, a mechanism to try to true up the wind and because we have so much wind in the Northwest that exacerbates the problem. Jim Lobdell They will blow more at night than it will blow during the day. Paul Ridzon I’m sorry if you answered this already but when do you file your next IRP? Jim Piro We will file it – we will work on it this year. We will file draft for consideration. But the final IRP will be filed with the commission in mid-2016. Paul Ridzon Thank you very much. Jim Piro Thank you. Jim Lobdell Thanks Paul. Operator There are no more questions at this time. I will now turn it to Jim Piro for closing remarks. Jim Piro Thank you. We appreciate your interest in Portland General Electric and invite you to join us when we report our first quarter 2015 results in late-April. Thanks and have a great day. Operator Ladies and gentlemen this concludes today’s conference. Thank you for your attendance. You may now disconnect. Everyone have a great day.

What To Do About Poor Future Returns

There’s been a lot of chatter recently about asset valuations, in particular U.S. stocks and U.S. bonds, and their impact of future returns. This is nothing new. It just seems to get louder at the start of every new year. I’ve discussed this topic before on the blog. Last time here . Basically, my point was that we may indeed, in fact it’s probable, be facing poor future returns – a least for the next 10 years, but that doesn’t mean that the 4% SWR rule is dead. In fact the 4% SWR implies even worse returns than people are forecasting now. For those building towards retirement it probably means a longer time to hit one’s goals And maybe that’s the worst part of it. In this post I wanted to discuss what the options are for investors if we take the forecasts of poor future returns as a fait accompli. First, some discussion of definitions is in order. Most of the the time when you hear forecasts of poor future returns you hear about the potential for poor U.S. stock returns, and poor U.S. government bonds returns, and the predominant 60% U.S. stock 40% U.S. bond allocation. The 60/40 portfolio is the dominant benchmark used in the U.S. by the finance industry partially due to the fact that they are the asset classes with the best and longest historical data. That is why you hear about it so much. Part of the problem with this of course is that today there are far more assets classes than just these basic two. But for this type of analysis it serves the purpose well enough. Just something to be aware of. Let’s move on. In this post, I’m going to use a recent forecast analysis done by Research Affiliates at the beginning of the year that forecasts future 10yr real asset class returns and the 60/40 portfolio return. You can find that analysis here . They also maintain an updated forecast of 10 yr expected real returns at their asset allocation website . A must visit in my view. Here is a graphical view of their current 10 yr real return forecasts and risk. The classic 60/40 portfolio is way down there. Almost at the bottom left corner with a 10 yr projected real return of 0.4% annualized. Not so great. They forecast U.S. large stocks at 0.4% as well, so that basically leaves 0.4% for bond returns, the benefits of re-balancing, etc. Not exactly outstanding. Just for reference, over the last 10 year period from 2005 to 2014, the 60/40 portfolio has returned 4.8% per year on a real basis, not too far from it’s historical average of 5.2% per year. Let’s take these forecasts as a given and discuss what options an investor has going forward. The most obvious option is to do nothing. If these forecasted returns do come to represent reality then, at least for those withdrawing from their portfolios, the historical 4% SWR will probably be just fine. As the Kitces blog post I linked to in the first paragraph discusses in detail these forecasts of poor future returns would turn out to be an upside surprise to the 4% SWR. In fact, for the worst case retiree in history, starting in 1966, the first 10 year return for a 60/40 portfolio was -1.85% real per year! That’s a lot lower than what is currently being forecasted. In the modern portfolio era, since 1973, there have been four 10 yr periods where the real return was less than 1% per year. Those were the 10 yr periods beginning in 1973, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Sometimes you get the impression that the realization of these poor forecasted returns would be some unprecedented event. Not even close. We’ve been there before and in not the too distant past either. A slight variation to the do nothing option is just to change the allocation between stocks and bonds. If stocks are not offering any higher real returns than bonds then why allocate to them. For example, an investor could go to a 40% stock 60% bond allocation (or 50/50, 30/70, etc…), that has the same forecasted real return but with a lot lower volatility and lower drawdowns. The lower volatility and drawdowns in and of themselves will lead to higher SWRs. The next option is to allocate to assets classes with higher forecasted returns. Obvious, right? The tough part is deciding how to break up that allocation and to into what asset classes. It is much better to simply choose a long standing portfolio allocation that has stood the test of time. I’ll use two examples here that I talk about often on the blog; the Permanent Portfolio, and the IVY 5 asset class buy and hold portfolio. Taking the asset allocations for the portfolios and plugging in the forecasted returns from the Research Affiliates forecast you get the forecasted 10yr returns for the strategies shown below. The Permanent Portfolio’s forecasted 10 yr real return is 0.9%. That’s much better than 60/40 but still a lot less than it’s average 10yr real return since 1973 of 5%. However the Permanent Portfolio comes with a lot less volatility (30% less) than 60/40 and a lot lower drawdowns which leads to a higher SWR than implied just by the return alone. The IVY5 Portfolio’s forecasted 10 yr real return is 2.2%, compared with it’s 7% average since 1973. I didn’t forecast the IVY13 portfolio because there were no forecasts for certain key factors, like value and momentum, but assuming historical relationships, lets say the IVY13 forecasted 10yr real returns are in the 2.5% to 3% per year. As you can see, going global and diversifying more enhances the projected returns. Now, lets see how some of the tactical asset allocation models may perform in the future under these poor future return forecasts. For this part of the discussion, I’ll be comparing the GTAA5, GTAA13, GTAA AGG3, and GTAA AGG6 portfolios to the buy and hold portfolios discussed above. The first thing I’ll do is compare the performance of the tactical asset allocation portfolios over all 10 yr periods to the buy and hold portfolios; 60/40, IVY5, and Permanent. Then we’ll compare the performance over only the worst 10 yr periods. That will give us a gauge of their relative performance during these bad return periods we are interested in. Below is the key table. The first line in the table shows the average real 10 yr period performance for each of the portfolios for all 10 yr periods since 1973 (1973 to 1982, 1974 to 1983…through 2005 to 2014). The 60/40 portfolio returned on average 5.82% real per year, the IVY5 7.06%, the AGG6 portfolio 14.15%, etc… The next row shows the spread between the particular portfolio and the 60/40 classic buy and hold portfolio. For example, GTAA5 outperforms 60/40 on average about 1.82% per year. Now it gets interesting. The next row shows the average 10 yr period performance only for those 10 yr periods where the 60/40 return was less than 1% per year real. The performance for all the portfolios is lower as one would expect but look at the next row, the spreads to the 60/40 portfolio during these poor return periods. The outperformance of all the portfolios is better during bad periods. For example, GTAA5 only outperforms 60/40 by 1.82% per year during all periods but during bad periods it outperforms by 6.8% per year! That is pretty astonishing. The TAA portfolios have risk reduction built in automatically and keep the investor out of long down markets, exactly what is being forecasted for the buy and hold portfolios. Sounds like a pretty good portfolio approach to me especially if the forecast of poor returns comes to be. If similar spreads hold true in the future the TAA portfolios would be looking at 10 yr real performance ranges of 6-8% per year for the GTAA5 and GTAA13 portfolios and 13-15% per year for the GTAA AGG3 and AGG6 portfolios. Sounds to good to be true but even if the performance ranges are half of what they’ve been an investor will be a lot better off than in a traditional 60/40 portfolio. The structure of the portfolios stacks the odds in the investor’s favor during bad markets. In summary, I’ve shown that if forecasts of poor returns come true the portfolio outcomes for investors are no worse than the past. An investor doesn’t need to do anything different. But there are better options that stack the odds in the investor’s favor in poor return environments. The most basic option is better diversification as exhibited in the IVY5 and the Permanent Portfolio as examples. And then there are even better options by using tactical allocation models that protect to the downside and in aggressive versions tilt the portfolio toward the best performing asset classes. While all returns for all portfolios will be lower in a low return environment the outperformance of better constructed portfolios will still allow investors and especially retirees to outperform and meet their long term goals.