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5 ETFs For Portfolio Safety, Stability And Diversification

Global stock market volatility, oil price collapse and economic slowdown in China continue to rattle investor confidence this year. Former high flying stocks have come back to earth in the past few weeks as investors worry about the impact of weak global demand on corporate earnings. Investors had poured a lot of money into these stocks despite their sky high valuations but “risk-off” sentiment is sending many to “safer” assets now. As the domestic economy continued to recover slowly but steadily over the past few years, US stocks remained one of the best asset classes in the world. But of late, domestic economic growth has been rather uneven. In the current uncertain market environment, it would be better for investors to focus on capital preservation. Below we have discussed some ETFs that will not only provide stability and diversification to your portfolio but also help in capital preservation. Long-Term Treasury Bonds The Federal Reserve spent the last year prepping the markets for a rate hike for the first time in almost a decade and ultimately raised rates by 25 bps in December and also penciled in four rate hikes this year. The market however expects not more than one rate increase this year. So, bond markets continue to frustrate bears again. Longer-term bonds are impacted more by inflationary expectations than by monetary actions and with expectations so muted, the bullish trend for these ETFs is likely to continue. Then while rates are low here in the US, they are much lower in the other parts of the developed world. In Europe and Japan, monetary authorities are expected to continue easing in order to fight deflationary risks. So, compared with those interest rates, US interest rates are still very attractive for foreign investors. 25+ Year Zero Coupon U.S. Treasury Index Fund (NYSEARCA: ZROZ ) ZROZ follows the BofA Merrill Lynch Long US Treasury Principal STRIPS Index, which focuses on Treasury principal STRIPS that have 25 years or more remaining to final maturity. It charges just 15 basis points in expenses while the 30-day SEC yield is 2.53% currently. iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (NYSEARCA: TLT ) TLT tracks the Barclays Capital U.S. 20+ Year Treasury Bond Index. It is the most popular and liquid ETF in the space with AUM of over $9.4 billion and excellent daily trading volumes. The fund charges 15 bps in expense ratio while the 30-day SEC yield is 2.34% currently. Both these ETFs have Zacks ETF Rank #2 (Buy). Gold On Monday, gold recorded its biggest daily gain in more than 14 months as a strong risk-off sentiment continues to force investors to pile into the safety of the precious metal. Additionally, a falling dollar (commodity prices generally move inversely to the dollar) and rising demand in China and India-the two biggest consumers of gold in the world-have also been helping gold’s ascent. Chinese investors in particular have been buying gold lately as the country’s stock market and currency continue to swoon. Negative interest rates in some of the major countries are also boosting gold prices. Gold critics often argue that the “barbarous relic” is an unproductive asset since it pays nothing to holders and that argument does make some sense when interest rates are high but not in the ultra-low/negative interest rate environment. iShares Gold Trust (NYSEARCA: IAU ) IAU provides a convenient and cost-effective access to physical gold. It is a physically backed ETF with more than $5.2 billion in assets. The fund has beta of -0.23 with the S&P 500 index and adds diversification benefits to an equity focused portfolio. SPDR Gold Trust ETF (NYSEARCA: GLD ) GLD is the most popular gold ETF with almost $29 billion in AUM and excellent trading volumes. It is a physically backed ETF that charges 40 basis points in annual expenses. While IAU has a lower fee, GLD’s excellent trading volumes make its trading very cheap. So, IAU is more suitable for buy and hold investors while GLD is better for trading portfolios. Municipal Bonds Municipal bonds were one of the best performing asset class in the US fixed income space last year. There are many factors that suggest that they may continue to outperform this year as well, including decreasing supply, rising tax rates and juicy income yields in the current ultra-low rate environment. Municipal bonds supply as of the end of last year was about $400 billion , boosted mainly by refunding issuances in anticipation of higher interest rates. Experts expect the supply to decrease by about 25% this year. iShares Muni Bond ETF (NYSEARCA: MUB ) MUB is the most popular ETF in the municipal bond space with more than $6.1 billion in AUM. It charges 25 bps in expenses and has a 12-month yield of 2.49%. The income is exempt from federal taxes and the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). The product provides a convenient access to more than 2000 investment grade municipal bonds. The Bottom-Line During times of turmoil, it is most important for investors to stay focused on their longer-term investing goals. Further, it is beneficial to stay diversified as history has shown us diversified portfolios always have better risk-adjusted returns over longer periods. Original post

A Shopping List For Bargain Hunters

The old saying that “things can always get worse” seems to be an apt description for markets so far this year. A poor start to the year has snowballed into an environment in which investors are being paid to “sell the rallies.” Year-to-date global equity markets are down roughly 10 percent in dollar terms, as measured by Bloomberg performance data for the MSCI ACWI Index (NASDAQ: ACWI ). While a few markets, notably Canada and Mexico, are flat to nominally higher, several market segments, including U.S. biotech, China and Italy are down more than 20 percent since the start of the year, according to Bloomberg data for the Nasdaq Biotechnology index and the respective MSCI country indices. Against this backdrop, bargain-hunting investors are asking whether there may be opportunities. My take: Given that the sell-off is occurring in the aftermath of a multi-year bull market, stocks overall still aren’t cheap. That said, it’s not too early to begin compiling a shopping list of potential bargains that may be worth considering . While the selling has returned some value to equities, the best that can be said is that most markets now look reasonable. According to a BlackRock analysis using Bloomberg data, a global benchmark ( ACWI ) is trading at around 16.5x trailing earnings , down around 7.5 percent from last summer’s peak but roughly in-line with the 10-year valuation average. Global stocks look cheaper on a price-to-book ( P/B ) basis, but with the exception of emerging markets equities, they are only trading at a small discount to their 10-year average. If valuation is unlikely to put a floor under markets, there are two other scenarios that could help establish a bottom: signs of economic stabilization or a more aggressive, coordinated response from central banks. As I don’t view either as imminent , markets are likely to remain volatile in the near term. There’s value to be found if you know where to look However, for investors looking to bargain hunt, there are certain segments of the market that are trading at a significant discount. While it may still be too early to pull the purchase trigger, these two segments in particular are worth a closer look. 1. Emerging Markets. After underperforming for the better part of the past five years, emerging market stocks, as measured by the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, are one of the few, genuinely cheap asset classes. At roughly 1.25x trailing book value, emerging market equities are trading at a level last seen at their trough in early 2009. On a relative basis, using the MSCI World Index as a proxy for developed markets, EM stocks trade at nearly a 35 percent discount to developed markets, the largest such discount since the market bottom in 2003, according to an analysis of data accessible via Bloomberg. 2. Energy stocks . The other universally unloved asset class is energy. While assessing ” fair value ” is always an elusive exercise when discussing commodities, the recent plunge in oil prices seems to have created value in energy-related companies . With energy firms’ earnings still plunging, their price-to-earnings ( P/E ) ratios don’t look very appealing. However, based on P/B measurements, the sector, as represented by the S&P 500 GIC Energy Sector, is trading at the lowest level of the past twenty years and at about a 45 percent discount to the broader U.S. equity market. Even assuming future write-downs, the current discount looks large. Emerging markets and energy have another argument in their favor: Over the past several months, rising volatility has begun to chip away at the momentum trade. Long positions in biotech and tech darlings have already been hit. Downside momentum plays continue to work, but being underweight, or short, energy or emerging market stocks have become very crowded trades. Similar to what has happened to long-side momentum plays , such downside momentum trades are likely to violently reverse at some point. When that occurs, these two segments appear well positioned to benefit. This post originally appeared on the BlackRock Blog.

Morningstar Ratings Of Target Date Funds Are Obsolete

Asset allocation is the primary determinant of investment performance and risk. Many say asset allocation explains more than 90% of investment results, but the fact is that it explains more than 100% . Because of this importance, we provide a detailed examination of target date fund glide paths in order to differentiate the good from the bad. Our focus is on fiduciary responsibility and the characteristics of a glide path that make it Prudent. Prudent glide paths are good. Imprudent glide paths are not good for both beneficiaries and fiduciaries. Fiduciaries face possible legal action for imprudent TDF selections. A glide path does not have to produce high returns to be Prudent. In fact, high returns can be an indication of imprudent risk taking. We use the PIMCO Glide Path Analyzer in the following to examine TDF Prudence and to develop Prudence Ratings that differ from Morningstar Ratings. Morningstar Ratings tend to penalize Prudence. Click to enlarge Defining Prudence The three great benefits of target date funds are diversification and risk control provided at a reasonable cost. All three of these benefits vary widely across target date fund providers, as shown on the right of the above graph. Looking to the left of the graph at long terms to target date, we see consensus in high equity allocation – the lines cluster. The differentiator at long dates is diversification. Theory states, and evidence confirms, that diversification improves the risk-reward profile of a portfolio. Greater diversification leads to higher returns per unit of risk, and is a benefit of TDFs. Looking to the right of the graph, near the target date, we see wide disagreement, with equity allocations at target date ranging from a high of 70% to a low of 20%. The prudent choice is safety at the target date, the other benefit of TDFs. These two key benefits, plus fees, are discussed in the following in the order of their importance. The most important benefit is safety at the target date Safety at the target date is the most important benefit for the following reasons: There is no fiduciary upside to taking risk at the target date. Only downside. The next 2008 will bring class action lawsuits. There is a “risk zone” spanning the 5 years preceding and following retirement during which lifestyles are at stake. Account balances are at their highest and a participant’s ability to work longer and/or save more is limited. You only get to do this once; no do-overs. Most participants withdraw their accounts at the target date, so “target death” (i.e., “Through”) funds are absurd, and built for profit. All TDFs are de facto “To” funds. Save and protect. The best individual course of action is to save enough and avoid capital losses. Employers should educate employees about the importance of saving, and report on saving adequacy. Prior to the Pension Protection Act of 2006, default investments were cash. Has the Act changed the risk appetite of those nearing retirement? Surveys say no. Click to enlarge As you can see in the following graph from PIMCO’s Glide Path Analyzer, only a handful of TDFs provide true safety at the target date. The second most important benefit is reasonable cost Fees undermine investment performance and are the basis for several successful lawsuits. You can be the judge of what is reasonable, keeping in mind that you want to get what you pay for. The challenge for plan providers is achieving good diversification for a reasonable cost. Assets that diversify, like commodities and real estate, are expensive. As shown in the following graph, only a handful of TDFs are low cost, similar to the scarcity of TDFs that provide safety at the target date. You need to ask yourself what you get for a high fee that you can’t get for a much lower fee. Fees Click to enlarge Diversification is the third most important benefit ” A picture is worth a thousand words.” Diversification is readily visualized as the number of distinct asset classes in the glide path, especially at long dates. The following are examples of well diversified TDFs, as seen through the lens of PIMCO’s Glide Path Analyzer. Keep these images in mind when you view the other glide paths shown in the next section. Think “A rainbow of colors is diversified.” Click to enlarge Common Practices Most assets in target date funds are invested with the Big 3 bundled service providers and with funds that have high Morningstar ratings. Here are the glide paths for these common practices. Click to enlarge Fidelity is the most diversified of this group, as indicated by the color spectrum at long dates (40 years). All three end at the target date with more than 50% in risky assets, which is not safe. As shown in the risk graph above, the Big 3 are low on the list of safety at the target date. Click to enlarge High Morningstar ratings go to funds with a high concentration in US stocks because US stocks have performed very well in the past 5 years. High Performance is not the same as Prudence. In fact, it’s currently an indication of imprudent risk concentrated in US stocks. Putting it all together: Prudence scores To summarize, some TDFs provide good safety, while others provide broad diversification, and still others provide low fees. To integrate these three benefits we’ve created a composite Prudence Score, detailed in the Appendix. The graph on the right shows the Top 20 Prudence Scores and compares them to Morningstar Ratings. The tendency is for the 8 highest prudence scores to get low Morningstar ratings. Four of the Top 8 have Morningstar ratings below 3. Prudence scores below the top 8 tend to get Morningstar ratings above 3.5 stars. The difference of course is performance, especially recent performance that has benefited from high US equity exposures. This “Group of 8” deserves your attention. Conclusion Fiduciaries now have a choice between TDF rating systems that are quite different. You can choose between Prudence and Performance. The cost of Prudence in rising markets is sacrificed Performance, but this sacrifice pays off in declining markets and can easily compensate for sacrifices. We hope you find this glide path report and Prudence Score helpful. We also hope that plan fiduciaries will vet their TDF selection. The fact that more than 60% of TDF assets are with the Big 3 bundled service providers suggests that fiduciaries are not considering alternative TDFs, so participants might not be getting the best; they’re simply getting the biggest. See our Infographic for more detail. Endnote Many thanks to PIMCO for letting me use their Glide Path Analyzer. It’s great. That said, the views expressed in this report are strictly my own. Disclosure : I sub-advise the SMART Target Date Fund Index that is included in this report. It’s treated exactly the same as all the other funds. Appendix: Constructing Prudence Scores The Prudence Score is not very quantitative, & much simpler than Morningstar ratings. It uses only 3 pieces of information: Fees: obtained from Morningstar # of diversifying risky assets at long dates: I counted these, & excluded allocations that are less than 1%. Some funds have meaningless allocations to commodities for example. Safety at target date: % allocation to cash & other safe assets, like short term bonds & TIPS. Here’s the table I filled out by hand: Company Fee (bps) # Risky % Safe SMART Index – Hand B&T 34 6 90 PIMCO RealPath Blend 28 6 30 Allianz 90 6 40 John Hancock Ret Choice 69 5 40 PIMCO RealPath 65 6 30 JP Morgan 82 6 30 Harbor 71 4 35 Blackrock Living Thru 98 5 35 Wells Fargo 53 5 25 Invesco 111 4 40 Putnam 105 3 40 MFS 102 6 25 Schwab 73 3 30 Guidestone 121 5 30 DWS 100 5 25 USAA 80 4 25 BMO 68 3 25 Franklin LifeSmart 110 5 25 TIAA-CREF 21 3 15 Vanguard 17 4 10 Hartford 117 5 25 Voya 113 6 20 Nationwide 89 6 15 American Century 96 4 20 Principal 86 6 10 Russell 92 5 15 Alliance Bernstein 101 4 20 Mass Mutual 97 5 15 T Rowe Price 79 4 15 Fidelity Index 16 3 5 Great West L1 99 4 15 Blackrock 98 5 10 John Hancock Ret Living 91 5 5 Great West L2 102 4 10 Manning & Napier 105 4 10 Fidelity 63 3 5 Mainstay 92 3 10 American Funds 93 3 10 Legg Mason 139 5 10 Franklin Templeton 110 4 8 Great West L3 95 4 5 State Farm 119 4 5 The next step is a little quantitative. I made up some rules for the importance of each factor: Safety got the highest importance. I adjusted the “% safe” allocations so the safest got a score of 25 Fees are 2nd in importance. I weighted them at 15. Diversification gets a max score of 10 Then I add the 3 scores for each & divide this sum by 10, so the highest composite score is 5: (25 + 15 +10)/10 The 1st table is totally verifiable. We can discuss the weighting scheme in the following 2nd table: Prudence Scores Company Fee (15) Divers(10) Protect(25) Prudence Mstar SMART Index – Hand B&T 12.8 10 25.0 4.8 1.5 PIMCO RealPath Blend 13.5 10 25.0 4.2 4 Allianz 6.0 10 25.0 4.1 1 John Hancock Ret Choice 8.5 7.5 25.0 4.1 2.9 PIMCO RealPath 9.0 10 18.8 3.8 4 JP Morgan 7.0 10 18.8 3.6 4 Harbor 8.3 5 21.9 3.5 3.4 Blackrock Living Thru 5.0 7.5 21.9 3.4 3.2 Wells Fargo 10.5 7.5 15.6 3.4 1 Invesco 3.4 5 25.0 3.3 4 Putnam 4.1 2.5 25.0 3.2 3.1 MFS 4.5 10 15.6 3.0 3.6 Schwab 8.1 2.5 18.8 2.9 3.6 Guidestone 2.2 7.5 18.8 2.8 3.3 DWS 4.8 7.5 15.6 2.8 3.3 USAA 7.2 5 15.6 2.8 3.5 BMO 8.7 2.5 15.6 2.7 4 Franklin LifeSmart 3.5 7.5 15.6 2.7 4 TIAA-CREF 14.4 2.5 9.4 2.6 3.5 Vanguard 14.9 5 6.3 2.6 3.5 Hartford 2.7 7.5 15.6 2.6 3.8 Voya 3.2 10 12.5 2.6 2.8 Nationwide 6.1 10 9.4 2.5 3.5 American Century 5.2 5 12.5 2.3 2.8 Principal 6.5 10 6.3 2.3 3.3 Russell 5.7 7.5 9.4 2.3 3.3 Alliance Bernstein 4.6 5 12.5 2.2 3.6 Mass Mutual 5.1 7.5 9.4 2.2 3.7 T Rowe Price 7.3 5 9.4 2.2 3.7 Fidelity Index 15.0 2.5 3.1 2.1 3.1 Great West L1 4.9 5 9.4 1.9 3.3 Blackrock 5.0 7.5 6.3 1.9 3.3 John Hancock Ret Living 5.9 7.5 3.1 1.6 3.2 Great West L2 4.5 5 6.3 1.6 3.4 Manning & Napier 4.1 5 6.25 1.5 4.2 Fidelity 9.3 2.5 3.1 1.5 3.3 Mainstay 5.7 2.5 6.3 1.4 3.6 American Funds 5.6 2.5 6.3 1.4 4.1 Legg Mason 0.0 7.5 6.3 1.4 3.3 Franklin Templeton 3.5 5 5.0 1.4 4 Great West L3 5.4 5 3.1 1.3 3.5 State Farm 2.4 5 3.1 1.1 3.2 PAGE * MERGEFORMAT 10 Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it. I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.