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Is It Time For Smart-Beta ETFs To Enter The Bond Markets?

By Detlef Glow The new year has started, but the financial markets are still affected by topics from the old year. One of the topics that has come up again is the liquidity of bonds in general-and bond funds in particular. From my point of view nearly all that can be said has been said about this topic. After all this discussion about liquidity in the bond markets and the possible implications for bond funds, especially exchange-traded funds (ETFs), one might raise the question of whether these issues could be addressed with smart-beta products. These products concentrate on the liquidity of securities in addition to using the two main drivers of performance-duration and credit risk. Since the liquidity of the underlying securities is already an issue for ETFs that track the broad indices, even “plain-vanilla” products are nowadays not far from being smart-beta products. That is because of the optimization techniques used to replicate the returns of the underlying index using the tradable securities in the index basket. In this regard a smart-beta strategy that employs the liquidity of the bonds would help to build liquid indices for all kinds of bond sectors, which could then easily be replicated by funds. In addition, a smart-beta approach could help investors overcome the major struggle of market-weighted bond indices: these indices give the highest weightings to issuers (companies, countries, etc.) with the highest outstanding debt in the respective investment universe. This approach can lead to high single-issuer risk within the portfolio, which is normally not the intention of an investor who buys into a broad market index. A smart-beta approach could limit the issuer risk by introducing a cap within the index methodology. From my point of view smart-beta ETFs could be the answer to the questions and concerns raised by investors around bond indices. Since investors tend to buy only products they understand, the index construction must be quite smart. At the same time it must be as simple as possible, so investors can easily understand the investment objective and the risk/return profile of the index and therefore of the ETF. That said, in my opinion it is time for smart beta to enter the bond markets. The views expressed are the views of the author, not necessarily those of Thomson Reuters.

WisdomTree Launches Pair Of Long-Short Equity ETFs

Markets have become more correlated and more volatile, and this has led many investors to consider alternative investment strategies, such as long-short equity. Traditionally, hedge funds have been the most prominent practitioners of long-short equity strategies, but liquid alternatives have lower fees, greater transparency, less complicated tax-filing requirements, and greater liquidity than hedge funds, and thus have become increasing popular. Two Long-Short Equity ETFs WisdomTree (NASDAQ: WETF ), a leading sponsor of ETFs and other “ETPs” (exchange-traded products) recently launched a pair of alternative long/short equity funds: Both funds offer stock-selection strategies designed to add alpha within a core stock portfolio. The principal difference between the two funds is that DYLS is designed to hedge against market drawdowns with a dynamic hedge on the market, while DYB is designed to provide “more bearish” net positioning. Both ETFs have net-expense ratios of 0.48%. “Data shows that blending a long/short index with traditional equity and bond allocations has improved risk-adjusted returns,” said Jeremy Schwartz, WisdomTree’s Director of Research, in a recent statement. “WisdomTree’s strategies challenge the traditional long/short and hedge fund community with systematic, liquid long/short index-based ETFs. DYLS and DYB are designed to generate alpha at the core through quantitative and fundamental stock selection – while also having the ability to hedge market risk dynamically.” Systematic Tracking of Indices DYLS tracks the WisdomTree Dynamic Long/Short U.S. Equity Index , which consists of long positions in approximately 100 U.S. large- and mid-cap stocks that meet eligibility requirements and have the best combined score based on fundamental growth and value signals, and short positions in the largest 500 U.S. companies. The long positions are weighted according to their volatility characteristics, while the short positions are weighted by market cap and designed to hedge against market risk. The long-portfolio will be 100% invested at all times, while the short portfolio will vary between 0% and 100% exposure based on “a quantitative rules-based market indicator that scores growth and value market signals.” DYB tracks the WisdomTree Dynamic Bearish U.S. Equity Index , which switches between long positions in the same stocks as DYLS and U.S. Treasurys. DYB’s short portfolio is the same as DYLS’s. The long equity portfolio can range from 0% to 100% while employing a “variable monthly hedge ratio” from 75% to 100% in the short portfolio. During times when the market indicator shows unattractive readings on valuation and growth characteristics, DYB can move to 100% exposure to U.S. Treasurys. Both funds launched on December 23, 2015. Jason Seagraves contributed to this article.

On Stock Crashes, Hindsight, And Anger

“You will not be punished for your anger, you will be punished by your anger.” – Buddha US stocks just had their worst start to a year in history last week going all the way back to 1928. The bears have come roaring back. As investors and traders frantically deal with clients and their own personal emotions, let’s put things into factual perspective. Those that have seen my presentations, met with me or read our writings for years are aware that we quantitatively test indicators and create strategies we believe have merit. Backtesting, like any form of analysis, does not guarantee exceptional performance in the future, but it can at least provide information on anomalies or market patterns which have persisted over time. So here’s a very simple and powerful backtested strategy. The 200 day moving average is popular as an indicator used to buy or sell stocks. Let’s make a simple rule. If a stock fund is trading above its 40 week (200 day) moving average, buy that stock fund. If below, then instead, buy Treasuries as your “risk-off” trade. For the below backtest, I used the Vanguard 500 Index (MUTF: VFINX ) as the stock proxy, and the Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Fund (MUTF: VUSTX ). Want to get more creative? Use the same rule, but leverage up the stock fund VFINX by an extra 30% to juice returns. Yellow uses that leverage, blue is the rotational risk-on/off strategy using Treasuries, orange is VFINX, and gray is VUSTX. VFINX mimics the S&P 500 SPDRs ETF (NYSEARCA: SPY ), while VUSTX mimics the iShares Treasury 20+ Year ETF (NYSEARCA: TLT ). Click to enlarge Looks pretty good right? Most of the time you’re trending higher, though it is worth noting that there are several flat volatile years where those who invest over a 1, 2, 3, or 4-year period are frustrated by a lack of returns and volatility/whipsaws. However, over longer periods of time and full cycles, both the unleveraged rotational strategy between stocks and Treasuries, and the leveraged one not only outperform on an absolute basis in terms of pure performance, but also do so on a risk-adjusted basis. The blue version’s cumulative return is 1,545% going back to 1986, versus the stock fund itself at 1,274%. That’s 1.2x better. The leveraged version which magnifies by 30%? Cumulative return is 2,756%, resulting in 2.16x stronger performance against VFINX as a buy and hold investment. Note that the extra 30% leverage over time significantly magnifies results. Compounding leverage can be a wonderful thing when it works over time if you have a strategy for it. It is worth noting that the 40 week MA’s strength is more about avoiding big declines rather than participating in big upside, though that upside exposure is most conducive towards using leverage. Also worth noting that if you added other momentum areas, notably emerging markets, the return path gets even more extreme. Great! Let’s buy into that. Now instead of the chart above, you’re living performance day to day. Feel good about the rotational strategy? Well, let’s now dig a little deeper. Let’s look at the worst weeks in the strategy. Any of these percentage declines feel familiar? Date Stocks/Bonds Leveraged Stocks/Bonds 4/10/2000 -10.52% -13.67% 10/12/1987 -9.21% -11.97% 9/8/1986 -7.84% -10.19% 12/8/1986 -7.66% -9.96% 8/1/2011 -7.15% -9.30% 10/9/1989 -6.91% -8.98% 10/11/1999 -6.63% -8.62% 5/3/2010 -6.35% -8.26% 8/17/2015 -5.71% -7.43% 1/24/2000 -5.62% -7.30% 10/5/1987 -5.07% -6.59% 8/24/1998 -4.97% -6.46% 7/23/2007 -4.89% -6.35% 1/5/1998 -4.83% -6.28% Herein lies the point of this backtest and any strategy employed. It is completely and utterly impossible to avoid weeks like what happened at the start of 2016 from impacting your portfolio and creating an emotional response. In the rotational strategy outlined here, there are numerous large declines throughout history. In each and every single one of these weeks, the response by investors and traders is the same. “What the hell is going on?” “I can’t invest in this!” “You should have sold out!” “Sell! SELL!!!!!” “Change the strategy!” Nothing can get everything right. Even if you used stop orders or decided to trade out of one of these big declines mid-week, historically it doesn’t do anything to mitigate those losses, even though one believes deeply that it would. The anger that comes from weeks like last week is no different than the emotional response that comes from other worst weeks in history in any strategy. Hindsight creates anger, but that doesn’t mean that anger is right. In the 2014 Dow Award paper on Beta Rotation, (click here to download) for example, we show that 80% of the time Utilities outperform the broader stock market before an extreme VIX spike. That means it also missed it 20% of the time, just like any indicator used to mitigate risk over much longer periods. That in no way shape or form invalidates the indicator. My point here is that sometimes these things happen. Long duration Treasuries did not confirm ahead of time that last week would happen based on indicators we have tested. Following the decline last week, things do look ugly. The decline could get worse, or the market could V, or W, or L, or do anything it wants to do. Hindsight is the only way we will know after such a major break. One cannot control for the madness of sudden markets. All any of us can do is prevent that madness from impacting rational decision making. The year is not written yet. There will come a major up move in reflation trades which would undo in the blink of an eye any damage done to portfolios so far in 2016. In the meantime, don’t let hindsight make you angry, because every strategy will have weeks in the dataset as violent as the one just experienced. That does not mean one should abandon the approach. It is easy to forget one simple rule when it comes to investing passively or using active management. The best time to buy in is after a significant drawdown. After drawdowns is the time to rationally examine data, rather than make rash decisions failing to understand that sometimes, you just can’t avoid bad luck. This writing is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell, a solicitation to buy, or a recommendation regarding any securities transaction, or as an offer to provide advisory or other services by Pension Partners, LLC in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. The information contained in this writing should not be construed as financial or investment advice on any subject matter. Pension Partners, LLC expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken based on any or all of the information on this writing.