Tag Archives: economy

Differentiating Between Emerging Markets For Better Returns

Summary Emerging markets are often grouped together, but it’s better not to. Changes in monetary policies may be upon us and some countries should do better than others. Countries with sizable deficits are more likely to experience problems and should be avoided. The year 2015 has been a forgettable one so far for many emerging markets. For instance, the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ET F (NYSEARCA: EEM ), which is the leading ETF for emerging markets is down by 11 percent this year when it comes to liquidity. By comparison, stock markets in countries such as the U.S. and Japan are at record levels. Some people may therefore feel that emerging markets are more of a bargain and have more upside still left in them. A long position in emerging markets is an option worth exploring from this standpoint. On the other hand, some may argue that the worst is not over for emerging markets and there is still some downside left. Avoiding long positions or even initiating short positions in emerging markets is the way to go if one agrees with this viewpoint. A third option is to break down emerging markets into smaller groups and pick the one that is most likely to do well in the future. The group that is most likely to underperform is to be avoided or even shorted as an alternative or as an addition to long positions in emerging markets. How to differentiate between emerging markets While they may be grouped together under a single name, the fact remains that emerging markets are more often than not very different from one another. Some countries have little if anything in common with other emerging markets despite all of them being referred to as emerging markets. It may therefore be a good idea to think of emerging markets not as a single group, but rather as several distinct groups. There are many ways one could divide emerging markets into separate groups. For instance, some may be democratic countries, while others are more autocratic. Some rely heavily on the export of raw commodities, while others depend on the export of manufactured goods. There are lots of options if one wants to break down emerging markets into smaller groups. However, one way that should be given extra consideration is to divide countries based on whether they run a surplus or a deficit. More specifically, does a country run a current account surplus or a current account deficit and why should it matter? Why it matters whether countries have a current account surplus or deficit Countries with significant current account deficits tend to borrow heavily relative to the size of their economy, usually from foreign sources of capital. For many years, this wasn’t such a big issue due to the prevalence of very low interest rates in the U.S. This forced many to look at alternative places with higher yields. Many emerging markets offered such a destination. However, the Federal Reserve is widely expected to begin raising interest rates, which will make it more expensive to borrow. Monetary conditions have actually already tightened even though the policy of zero interest rates is technically not yet over. Capital outflows have picked up in a number of emerging markets as foreign capital is anticipating the next move by the Fed. In this environment where borrowing is increasingly problematic, countries with a current account surplus should be more resilient to higher interest rates than those with chronic deficits. The latter will have to make more adjustments to the existing structure of their economy than the former and this may cause a divergence in how countries perform going forward. Deficit countries do have a number of options when it comes to dealing with higher interest rates. For instance, they could try to reduce their imports and the need for hard currency to pay for these imports. Large reserves can also provide relief. Even so, surplus countries should have a much easier time as their transition period should be shorter and less complicated than those that have to fix or at least try to reduce their deficits. A major advantage for the former in comparison to the latter. Emerging markets ranked by surplus or deficit The table below lists 15 of the most prominent emerging markets, starting from those with the largest current account surplus to those with the biggest deficit. These countries combined make up 96.33 percent of EEM. Based on these numbers, Taiwan should have the least amount of trouble dealing with the Fed raising interest rates. South Africa is the one that looks the most vulnerable as of right now. Mexico may have a bigger deficit, but it’s also a bigger economy. Country GDP Current account surplus/deficit (USD) Taiwan 489B 19.67B South Korea 1410B 10.61B Russia 1861B 5.4B Thailand 374B 1.56B Malaysia 327B 1.21B Philippines 285B 0.95B China 10360B 0.63B Turkey 800B 0.09B Poland 548B -0.96B Chile 258B -2.59B Indonesia 889B -4.01B Brazil 2346B -4.17B India 2067B -6.2B South Africa 350B -8.68B Mexico 1283B -8.86B How to position yourself with regard to emerging markets One drawback of an ETF such as EEM is that it can get dragged down by a few bad apples. Some countries may do very well within the basket, but their performance can get negated by other countries that are doing poorly. A possible solution to this issue would be to take out the bad apples and leave only the good ones. If someone agrees with the thesis that emerging markets with big deficits will have a harder time with higher interest rates, then it’s best to avoid these countries and stick with the ones that run sizable surpluses. The latter are much less likely to experience any setbacks resulting from changes in global monetary policies. As such, they’re more likely to outperform resulting in better returns.

Chile As A Proxy For Copper

Summary Copper has fallen a great deal in recent months, which means a bounce in prices is likely. Copper is extremely important to Chile’s economy, which makes it very vulnerable whenever prices go down. Chile will most likely remain weak in the near future even if copper prices recover somewhat. Prices in the commodity sector have certainly been on the decline. Of all the commodities that have seen prices go down, one of the worst affected has to be copper (NYSEARCA: JJC ). Copper has in fact been on the decline the last four years and is now down roughly 60 percent from its highs in 2011. This decline has even accelerated the last six months with prices down by a third. The two charts below show how copper has behaved the last five years and the last 12 months: Such a big decline of more than 30 percent in such a short amount of time increases the odds of a bounce in copper prices. Copper is very much oversold, and there is a good chance that prices should go up somewhat at these levels. Those who are still negative on copper may therefore be interested in an alternative, and that alternative can be found in the country of Chile. Why Chile can be considered a proxy for copper Chile is by far the biggest producer and exporter of copper. For the whole of 2014, statistics show that Chile contributed 5.8 million metric tons of copper with global production at 18.7 million metric tons. Copper makes up almost half of Chile’s total exports, making its economy highly dependent on whatever happens to copper. If copper prices go down as they have been in recent times, Chile is bound to feel the effects. Economic indicators suggest that Chile is getting weaker as copper prices are sliding. For instance, exports have been shrinking, led by the decline in copper prices, as the chart below indicates. Both the government budget and the trade balance are now in a deficit, which seems to be getting bigger as time goes by. A sharp reversal from the sizable surpluses seen in recent years: (click to enlarge) Overall, growth in Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) is slowing down, and the economy is struggling to avoid falling into a recession. The weakness in Chile’s economy is best reflected in the exchange rate between Chile’s domestic currency, the peso, and the U.S. dollar. The peso has already lost 17.5 percent of its value in 2015 and further devaluations are very likely, if not necessary, versus the U.S. dollar. The current trend certainly does not look good for Chile. (click to enlarge) Copper prospects While copper prices may witness a bounce in the short term, if only because of oversold conditions, a return to recent highs is highly unlikely. The strong growth of copper in recent years was primarily driven by China, which now accounts for almost half of the global consumption of copper. However, growth in demand for copper in China seems to be moderating and is now only in the low-single digits. Demand for copper outside of China is much weaker. The International Copper Study Group (“ICSG”) forecasts a flat market for copper with supply and demand evenly balanced. Much will depend on what happens in China or its economy, but there isn’t much demand for copper globally once you ignore China. There’s the possibility that there may be a slight deficit in copper supplies next year, especially if companies cut production more than expected, but nowhere near the levels seen in previous years. This should help keep a lid on copper prices, which is not good news for Chile. Chile relative to copper Since copper is oversold as a commodity, it’s realistic to expect a bounce in prices in the not-too-distant future. Initiating new shorts at these levels is therefore not recommended, at least for now. Those who are still negative when it comes to copper may instead want to look at Chile as an alternative or a proxy to copper. Exposure to Chile can be had through, for instance, ETFs such as the iShares MSCI Chile Capped ETF (NYSEARCA: ECH ). Chile could also serve as a hedge for any long or short positions in copper. For instance, a long position in Chile to offset a short position in copper or vice versa. This will remain the case for as long as Chile’s economy is heavily dependent on the export of copper and it does not diversify its economic base. The fact is that Chile is overly exposed to the prospects of a single commodity (“copper”), which in turn is highly dependent on the prospects of a single country (“China”). If copper prices go up by a lot, it’s boom time for Chile. But, if copper prices go down, Chile’s economy will get weaker. Not a very healthy situation to be in. The bottom line is that even if copper prices were to increase somewhat in the future, Chile will still not experience the windfall it received in previous years. For that to happen, copper would have to return to the very high prices of several years ago. A very unlikely prospect. Chile can be expected to remain relatively weak even if copper experiences a bounce in prices.

Residential REITs Offer Steady Dividends With Long-Term Growth Potential

Summary REZ is a well-diversified ETF with both moderate long term growth potential and a 3.3% dividend yield, making it a great income play. REZ has ~49% of its holdings in residential REITs, which are expected to experience steady demand over the next few years as renting becomes more and more attractive. REZ also has ~29% of its holdings in healthcare REITs, which are primarily composed of different types of senior housing. As baby boomers retire, demand here is expected to skyrocket. Finally, REZ has ~22% of its holdings in self-storage REITs, a booming industry of late. They tend to follow economic trends, so I’m bullish on self-storage REITs as well. The potential risk posed to REITs from an interest rate hike is not to be ignored, as it increases the cost of financing new projects. The iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF (NYSEARCA: REZ ) is a popular ETF for those who wish to invest in US residential real estate without actually being a landlord. It does this by using the FTSE NAREIT All-Residential Capped Index as its benchmark index, which is comprised of many different REITs. Taking into account demographic changes, a trend towards renting instead of buying and a recovering economy, I’m bullish REZ in the long term. I view it as a great income play with moderate long-term growth potential as well. REZ Overview Offering an attractive dividend yield of 3.3% and a tolerable expense ratio of 0.48%, this ETF has been popular with investors since its inception in May 2007. It currently has about $316MM in assets. REZ can generally be looked at as holding 3 different types of REITs. The first are obviously residential REITs, which develop multifamily housing such as apartment complexes. The second are healthcare REITs, which can generally be categorized as senior housing. The third are self-storage REITs. (click to enlarge) (Source: Data for chart by iShares.com ) To find the holdings for the chart above, I went through each individual holding and categorized it as self-storage, healthcare or residential. Some that I categorized as residential may have been categorized by iShares as specialty. Due to this, my percentages are about 2% off of iShares own classification, which is between residential, healthcare or “specialty” (which I felt was too broad). As you can see, while traditional residential REITs make up 49% of this ETF, there are still significant investments in self-storage and healthcare REITs. Due to this, one has to consider many more factors than just the residential housing market when considering investing in REZ. I’ll be reviewing the outlook for all 3 of the different types of REITs in this article. Residential REITs Outlook Housing prices are just below record highs, but this time it’s not thought to be a bubble , as strong economic growth has fueled increasingly higher housing prices. This is very bullish for residential REITs, as more and more people are resorting to renting. Mortgage requirements are tighter, making it more difficult for lenders to make loans than it was pre-2008. This coupled with slow wage growth makes buying a home less feasible for many people. Additionally, new US housing starts are very low, with these high prices simply mirroring the scarcity of supply. As you can see below, builders still haven’t recovered from the recession. (Source: tradingeconomics.com ) When adjusted for inflation, housing prices are just below record highs, according to the census . The rate at which housing prices have increased has also remained at a respectable level into these highs as well. (click to enlarge) (Source: Data by S&P Dow Jones Indices) Keith Gumbinger, VP of HSH.com, dismissed the idea that a bubble is forming, stating that “Today’s rising prices are fueled by actual market forces, backed up by real money.” This couldn’t be more true in my opinion, and many economists do not believe a bubble is forming either. All of these factors, which make buying a home less and less realistic are very bullish for residential REITs, as people will naturally resort to renting. As you can see in the chart below, the trend has clearly been in favor of renting the last 5 years. The US rental vacancy rate is currently reaching lows not seen since 1985. (Source: US Rental Vacancy Rate data by YCharts) It’s thought that housing prices will continue to increase, albeit at a slower rate than they have in the past few years. I don’t see the vacancy rate significantly rising again either. So with housing prices expected to continually grow, the only risk I can see to this REIT category is the potentially negative effect an interest rate hike could have. This investment is not without its risks though, as higher interest rates increase the cost of financing the balance sheet. This makes projects more expensive for REITs, which depend heavily on debt to finance new projects. Some would disagree that an interest rate hike is net bearish for REITs, saying that increased economic growth and occupancy rates are closely linked to the performance of REITs. They say that once everything is factored in, REITs will come out at a net gain due to increased occupancy rates and inflation. So while the net affect of an interest rate hike isn’t clear, I’d recommend those interested in REZ conduct their own due diligence to decide for themselves. Healthcare REITs Outlook Healthcare REITs make up 29% of REZ’s holdings and are very well positioned to take advantage of the massive impending demographic changes in the United States. The “Baby Boomer” generation is aging, with about 10,000 turning 65 every day . As this segment of the population begins to age, healthcare REITs owning senior housing facilities will see a huge and steady surge in demand. (Source: FiveThirtyEight.com ) Investments in healthcare REITs are a long-term strategy though, so I wouldn’t recommend this ETF to medium-term investors, as nearly a third of REZ’s holdings are in healthcare REITs. As a 2005 study by Stefano DellaVigna and Joshua Pollet found one needs to wait 5-10 years before fully reaping the benefits that demographic changes bring to businesses. I think this finding applies best to healthcare REITs in the current environment. With many of them having been beaten down over the last couple years, there is serious growth potential to go along with the handsome dividends these REITs offer to those who are patient. So for those willing to wait, I view this segment of REZ bullishly in the long term. Self Storage REITs Outlook Self storage REITs, which make up about 22% of REZ’s holdings, have exploded over the last few years in both share price and popularity. With average occupancy rates around 90% and a business that tends to reflect economic trends, there are plenty of reasons to be bullish here. These REITs are extremely profitable as well. REZ’s largest self-storage holding (12% of assets), PSA, had a net profit margin of 52% last year. Most self-storage REITs have performed very well over the past few years as well, showing the sector has growth potential in addition to respectable dividends. I expect demand to grow with the economy as well, so I have a favorable long-term outlook for these REITs. (click to enlarge) (Source: San Clemente Self Storage ) I expect demand for these self-storage units to go hand in hand with demand for rental housing as well. An article by the CCIM institute noted that about 30% of the average property’s customer base lives in apartments and about 13% live in townhomes/condos. These higher housing prices are driving more people to renting or downsizing, increasing demand as they’ll need more room to store all of their “stuff.” It’s worth noting though that self-storage REITs see increased competition compared to many other types of REITs, as the vast majority of self-storage facilities are owned by local entrepreneurs. Back in 2000, REITs made up less than 10% of new development. While that was a long time ago, I expect that local entrepreneurs still maintain ownership of a sizable portion of self storage facilities. Some of the more profitable facilities are being acquired by REITs, but the large amount of locally owned facilities puts increased competitive pressure on REIT-owned facilities. In general though, I view self-storage REITs very bullishly in the medium term to long term. REZ: A Great Income Play With Long-Term Growth Potential After a thorough review, one can see that this ETF is well-diversified into many more sectors than purely residential REITs, as the name suggests. In my opinion, REZ would be a great addition to the portfolio of a long-term income investor who is interested in taking on a little bit more risk in exchange for moderate growth potential. The 3.3% dividend offers a great opportunity for steady income just as owning physical real estate would, but with much greater liquidity. In addition to the dividend, it offers a moderate growth opportunity to more aggressive income investors who believe housing prices are going to rise and want to take advantage of the drastic demographic changes taking place. I believe each of the 3 primary types of REITs that REZ holds will grow with the economy over the next decade. This investment is not without its risks though, so when considering an investment in REZ, one should weigh the immediate negative affect an interest rate hike could have with the dividends and long-term growth potential. I wouldn’t recommend investors use REZ as their primary income source, as the trend towards renting may change over time, which could have an adverse affect on share prices and dividend payments. Overall though, I think the factors mentioned above would make REZ a great portfolio addition for long-term growth investors who want their portfolio to generate additional income, as well as purely income investors who want to pursue moderate growth while not giving up their income stream. Conclusion REZ is a well-diversified ETF that is much more than simply a residential REIT. There are many factors one needs to account for and many different markets that one should research. From a fundamental perspective, though, I view each of the 3 primary REIT types that REZ holds bullishly in the long term. I think that long-term investors who believe that growth and income investing don’t have to be mutually exclusive could benefit greatly from this ETF. I think that long-term investors who are patient will see their diligence handsomely rewarded through steady dividend payments and moderate growth.