Author Archives: Scalper1

Korean ETF Offers Investors Chance For Growth

EWY is weighted heavily towards the information technology and consumer discretionary sectors. Korea is a technology-based economy composing of companies who are industry leaders in their respective fields and have strong earnings. EWY provides targeted access to Korean stocks and is a good measure of the economic strength of Korea; rating agencies are optimistic in growth prospects of Korean economy. By Harry Lee Korea is currently offering investors a solid mid-term growth opportunity at a good value through the iShares MSCI South Korea Capped ETF (NYSEARCA: EWY ). EWY is down 16% overall from its high at 62.93 in April, due to a strong U.S. Dollar, the devaluation of the Chinese yuan, and the crash in equity prices in China this past summer. Fundamentally, however, the Korean economy itself not remarkably declined in a way that justifies the 16% decline in EWY’s price since July of 2014. This has created a solid entry point for investors looking for strong growth potential over the mid term. EWY’s Sector Weights and Sector-Specific Performance EWY is heavily weighted towards the information technology and consumer discretionary sectors. Hence, when evaluating EWY, we must examine the individual performances of those individual sectors and their long-term growth prospects, rather than solely scrutinizing at the performance of the national economy as a whole. Samsung Electronics ( OTC:SSNLF ) is the largest component, at 21.99%; Hyundai Motors ( OTC:HYMPY ), Naver Corp. ( OTC:NHNCF ), and others trail between 2~3%. In its most recent earnings report, Samsung posted quarterly revenue of $45 billion, up 8.9% year-over-year. Profits were $6.45 billion, up an astonishing 82%. Despite mounting pressure from competitors such as Apple and Huawei on both the high and low-ends, respectively, Samsung’s profits expect to be relatively protected due to its semiconductor business. Samsung’s semiconductor business supplies Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL ) with the A9 chip processor used in Apple’s flagship iPhone 6 and iPhone 6S models. Hyundai Motors is also expected to have good growth prospects. Despite posting record low profits in Q3 of 2015, they recently announced that they would launch a new global luxury car brand called Genesis, targeting large fat profit margins from the higher end of the market. Building off of its current luxury models, the Genesis line will launch with two luxury sedans aiming to combat both the European luxury brands of BMW ( OTCPK:BAMXY ), Mercedes-Benz, and Audi ( OTCPK:AUDVF ), but also Nissan’s ( OTCPK:NSANY ) Infiniti and Toyota’s (NYSE: TM ) Lexus. Investors reacted positively to the news, with Hyundai shares closing 1.85 percent higher at a one-month peak. Considering all these factors, the prospects for growth in the mid-term are quite optimistic. Performance of the South Korean Economy as a Whole Investing in an ETF that closely tracks the performance of the Korean economy is a solid investment because South Korea has a number of economic advantages, including a highly advanced economy (nominal GDP is ranked at 13th highest); a low debt-to-GDP ratio and an accommodative central bank. Recently, the Bank of Korea maintained interest rates at 1.5 percent, but drastically cut the benchmark borrowing costs in half over the past three years in an attempt to defend domestic exporters against the Chinese exporters in a climate of a devalued Chinese yuan. Moreover, Standard & Poor’s upgraded Korea’s credit rating to AA- this past September, the highest rating in nearly two decades. It expressed optimism in the growth prospects of the peninsula, claiming that it was likely to maintain economic growth higher than the bulk of the developed economies in the next three to five years. S&P also expressed optimism at the overall decline in external debt owed by Korean banks and reduced short-term borrowing in total external debt. Conclusion Korea’s world-leading electronics industry, along with optimism in the auto industry appears encouraging for the information technology and consumer discretionary sectors within Korea, both of which are significant components in EWY. A vigorous but an accommodating central bank that is willing to devalue its currency to defend domestic producers and exporters should prove encouraging for the mid-long term growth prospects of the economy as a whole. Despite these positive facets, an investment in EWY is not entirely risk free. Samsung Electronics’ flagship mobile division could underperform, leading to the firm missing analysts’ expectations and driving both the equities of the firm and EWY down; Hyundai’s new luxury brand may not become a cornerstone of automotive luxury as Lexus and Infiniti have become. In conclusion, though, there are many factors that point to an optimistic long-term future for Korea, though it is not without risk. The current pricing appears to be a good point of entry, as a series of recent global circumstances have depressed EWY below its true value. Editor’s Note: This article discusses one or more securities that do not trade on a major U.S. exchange. Please be aware of the risks associated with these stocks.

Efficient Market Hypothesis And Random Walk Theory: Buy ‘David Swensen’s Portfolio’

Summary The author recommends using “David Swensen’s portfolio” as a key component of the Core Portfolio. Recommendation for the Satellite Portfolio will be covered in a separate article. Recommendation is in line with the implications of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH). EMH and RWH imply that it’s impossible to consistently beat the market and suggest the utilization of passive investment approach. Recommended Portfolio Allocation The main goal of this series of articles is to introduce new stock investors to academic theories and help them develop their own approach to stock investing. Knowing academic theories and their implications should help investors gain confidence in their chosen path. That confidence is key in ensuring that investors consistently execute their chosen investment strategy. As we will discuss in the next articles, consistency is one of the main friends of stock investors. I will be suggesting an approach to stock investing that will be based on findings of Nobel laureates and market practitioners. With each article, we will be moving one step closer to developing an investment approach/portfolio that individual investors will be comfortable holding on to through thick and thin. We will start with David Swensen, CIO of Yale endowment since 1985, where he manages over $20 billion (as of Q3 2014, endowment assets were $23.9 billion). Over the decade (through 2009), the endowment realized an average annual return of 11.8 percent. It is an impressive performance given that this period covers the financial crisis of 2008. David’s consistent track record sparked debates if the new college building should be named after him. He is believed to be the alumni who contributed the most to the school through his management of the Yale endowment portfolio. David is credited with inventing the Yale Model (an application of modern portfolio theory that we will discuss in the next article). David Swensen suggests that individual investors should limit their portfolio to a handful, well-selected ETFs that will provide diversification across major asset classes (e.g. stock, real estate, and bonds) and geographies (i.e. developed and emerging countries) at a low-cost and tax-efficient manner. His recommendation is very much in line with the approach suggested by John Bogle (founder of Vanguard). David lays out the proposed allocation across asset classes as following: Asset Class Allocation Domestic Equity 30% Foreign Developed Equity 15% Emerging Market Equity 5% Real Estate 20% U.S. Treasury Bonds 15% U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities 15% Source: David Swensen Strategy’s Strengths and Limitations MarketWatch developed a list of funds that closely resembles exposures that David Swensen proposed. The list of funds and its historical performance is presented in the table below. As you can see from the table, the proposed allocation has underperformed the S&P 500. As of 11/14/15 Fund Allocation 1-Year Return 3-Year Return 5-Year Return 10-Year Return Total Stock Market VTSMX 30% 0.62% 15.89% 13.05% 7.45% Foreign Developed VTMGX 15% -2.85% 7.67% 3.98% 3.73% Emerging Market VEIEX 5% -16.37% -3.49% -3.85% 4.44% Real Estate VGSIX 20% 0.36% 10.45% 11.04% 7.05% Long-term Bonds VUSTX 15% 2.99% 0.92% 6.82% 6.66% TIPS VIPSX 15% -2.17% -2.64% 1.98% 3.85% S&P 500 1.29% 16.18% 13.40% 7.31% Source: David Swensen, MarketWatch Main drivers of the underperformance are allocations to foreign developed markets, long-term bonds, TIPS and emerging markets. It’s not much of a surprise to see fixed-income instruments (i.e. long-term bonds and TIPS) underperform stocks (due to equity risk premium) over the long term. Analyzing the shorter period (up to 3-5 years), one can think of many reasons for the outperformance of US stocks vs. foreign developed and EM stocks. For long-term investors, arguments of mean reversion should make them comfortable holding on to diversified portfolio over the long term. As such, investors should not discard the model portfolio proposed by Swensen just yet. As mentioned, the list of carefully selected ETFs (must be low-cost and tax-efficient) should form the base of your portfolio. We will refer to this portion of the suggested portfolio approach as “Core Portfolio”. We will discuss the second portion of the proposed portfolio “Satellite Portfolio” in the future articles and share the rational for having such a satellite portfolio that might utilize a non-passive approach. Suffice it to say that EMH and RWH should provide enough confidence to individual investors to stick with the Core Portfolio allocations as long as the investors keep in mind that over the long run stocks provide positive real return. Actual Portfolio Allocations and ETFs Given the tax efficiency of ETFs, the author finds it more appropriate to use ETFs instead of mutual funds for the Core Portfolio. The actual list of ETFs and corresponding allocations is presented below: Asset Class ETFs Allocation Domestic Equity VTI 30% Foreign Developed Equity VEA 15% Emerging Market Equity VWO 5% Real Estate VNQ 20% Long-Term Treasuries TLT 15% TIPS TIP 15% There are a number of reasons for this recommendation: 1. The actual allocation to various asset classes is in line with David Swensen’s proposed allocations. Theoretical underpinning for passive investing is presented in the last section of this article. 2. The approach utilizes low-cost and tax-efficient ETFs. Typically, Vanguard ETFs are on the low end of fees. Also, ETFs are more tax-efficient than the mutual fund structure. A word of caution before you start implementing the recommendation – I’m not a tax advisor, and therefore, I strongly suggest you consult your tax advisor for any tax-related matters. Also, I would like to mention that this article is just the first one in the series. In the next articles, we will continue exploring the stock market theories and how they impact the way I invest. Next stop will be Harry Markowitz’s Modern Portfolio Theory and the need to diversify across a broad spectrum of asset classes. This article will be followed by Noisy Market Hypothesis, which should lift the spirits of investors who would like to “beat the market”. Appendix: Theory Dr. Eugene Fama, a Nobel Laureate, is thought of as the Father of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). EMH suggests that current asset prices fully reflect all currently available information. To put it simply, stock prices should react only to news; and as you know, news is random in its nature. Due to this randomness, EMH implies that consistently outperforming the market on a risk-adjusted basis is impossible. In other words, don’t put your money into an individual “hot” stock or entrust to an active asset manager. Talking about randomness, one cannot skip mentioning the Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH), which traces back to Louis Bachelier. RWH argues that stock prices are random: chances that a professional analyst identifies a winning stock is similar to a flip of the coin. In a 1965 article, “Random Walks in Stock Market Prices”, Dr. Fama draws the parallels between EMH and RWH. As already mentioned, EMH and RWH imply that stock investors would be better off investing in passive index funds or mimicking such fund investments. On average, active investing (e.g. intentionally investing a higher portion of the portfolio in a specific stock or sector) is expected to yield similar risk-adjusted returns as passive investments. Some behavioral economists (note: we will cover behavioral finance and its implications in the future articles) would even argue that active investing should result in inferior returns, as emotions of investors will make them buy hot stocks just before these stocks peak and throw the towel just before the market bottoms. Industry practitioners, such as John Bogle of Vanguard, would further argue that investing is a zero-sum game: few basis points of alpha that one active manager generates come at the expense of another active manager. Furthermore, a typical individual investor who entrusted his/her funds to an active manager would come out short after receiving an average market return, less management fees and tax bill. Typical high turnover of active asset management mandates leads to higher transactions costs (e.g. bid-ask spread) and higher tax bill (i.e. short-term gains are taxed at a higher rate than long-term capital gains and dividends). All of the above suggests that low-cost, tax-efficient ETFs are optimal investment instruments for the Core Portfolio. References/Bibliography George A. Akerlof and Robert J. Shiller, Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism , Princeton University Press, 2009 John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years , McGraw-Hill, 2000 Colin Read, The Efficient Market Hypothesists: Bachelier, Samuelson, Fama, Ross, Tobin and Shiller , Palgrave Macmillan, 2012 David Swensen, Unconventional Success: A Fundamental Approach to Personal Investment, Free Press, 2005 Next article: M odern Portfolio Theory: Introduce Alternatives To Your Portfolio

VCSAX: Consumer Staples Don’t Get Much Better Than This

Summary Low expense ratio with great long term returns. High yield for some volatility protection. Good sector diversification and strong holdings. Mutual funds are a good way to improve an investor’s risk adjusted return. Investing in consumer staples is not only a good way to diversify, but also helps with downside risk when the market takes a tumble. The fund I will be looking at is the Consumer Staples Index Fund Admiral Shares (MUTF: VCSAX ) which seeks to track the performance of the MSCI US Investable Market Consumer Staples 25/50 Index. This index has performed well over the last decade and comes with a decent dividend yield Yield This index has a distribution yield of 2.47%. If you’re looking for a high yield portfolio and seeking to invest in consumer staples, VCSAX is a great fit. Even without needing an income from your portfolio this has been a good investment showing an annual return of 10.39% over the past ten years. A lot of this can be attributed to consumer staples not taking the same hit the S&P took in 2008. Expense Ratio The expense ratio for VCSAX is .12% which is fine for being a passively managed mutual fund. I’m in favor of going the passively managed route for the consumer staples sector. With the Lipper peer average expense ratio being 1.51% it’s not worth the trouble of trying to beat an index. This is a top percentile performing index compared to competitors; When you don’t have to pay a high expense ratio – don’t! Diversification Index is well diversified and attempts to fully replicate its benchmark. The benchmark makes investments in the consumer staples market and should tend to be less sensitive to economic cycles. There is high correlation with the S&P and an investor should expect a lot of volatility if this is a large portion of their portfolio. Here are a list of the top ten holdings: There are 100 holdings and 56% of the weight is in the top ten. Even though this fund has performed very well, I would still like to see more diversification. I would make this a small portion of my portfolio for a more balanced return in the event of another big hit taken by the market. On the bright side, many of the companies in the top ten have been around for a while and shown they can shift strategies when needed. Procter & Gamble (NYSE: PG ) has been around since 1837 and has changed strategies many times. If there was ever a company to bet on surviving, this wouldn’t be a bad choice. PG has shown a long track record of a rising dividend which will help in a down market. The growth has been iffy lately but PG is making many changes and investing in the future. During an earnings calls management said they had many new products coming out. With the billions they are spending on R&D, if some of the proprietary technologies are successful there may be some serious company growth down the road. If I were to pick a single consumer staples company for my portfolio, Procter & Gamble is an easy choice for a long investment. Performance The following graphs show a major upside to consumer staples over the last decade: Over the past five years VCSAX and the S&P 500 have shown a strong correlation, as I would suspect. Looking at the ten year range there is a large difference. During a market crash a consumer staples index is going to take a punch but people are still going to make purchases. There will be some cutbacks, but nothing like there will be on the market as a whole. The other reason for the index to show lower losses is the high yield which will help protect returns during a down market. Conclusion When it comes to a consumer staples index VCSAX is as good as they come. The low expense ratio is really nice to see and helps with staying close in returns to the benchmark: In addition to having a good five year annual return of 14.54%, there has also been a great ten year return of 10.39%. With the crash in 2008, many investments reacted like the S&P 500 and it really diminished returns over the last decade. Consumer staples is a great way to reduce portfolio risk when it comes to the market taking a dive.